Nanomaterial-immobilized lipases for sustainable recovery of biodiesel – A review

In recent years, the development and deployment of nano-immobilized lipases, as robust biocatalysts, has appeared a promising alternative for biodiesel production. There is significant hike in using nano-sized support matrices enzyme-based biotransformation bioprocesses with ever-increasing scientific awareness nanotechnological advancement. Several nano-scale materials include magnetic non-magnetic nano-particles, silica carbon nanotubes, graphene/graphene oxide, electrospun nanofibers, metal–organic frameworks, other nanohybrid are supreme interest that can shield catalytic attributes enzymes after immobilization. Furthermore, immobilized also offer numerous advantages native fail to display on their own, such high efficacy, turnover, induced stability under harsh reaction conditions, resistivity against by-products (which otherwise hinder/inhibit pristine enzyme), low mass transfer limitation, yield mild processing environment. Lipases considered principal candidates (biocatalysts) production via transesterification processes, among several industrially relevant enzymes. The lipases showed broader working range different pH temperature highly requisite challenge indusial settings. Herein, we reviewed perspectives sustainable lipases. First, following brief introduction, this review spotlighting existing state-of-the-art strategies lipase immobilization nanomaterials. Second, critical factors characterize nano-biocatalysts discussed show need optimal conditions further transformation. Third, nano-carriers develop lipase-based nanobiocatalyst given suitable examples. Fourth, some influential improve overall performance terms sustainability processability entire process. Lastly, contemporary challenges key considerations sustained from waste resources future studies.